Mother Talkers

The Speed of Dark

Sun Dec 09, 2007 at 10:17:50 AM PDT

There are some novels that become part of you forever.

The Speed of Dark, by Elizabeth Moon, is one of the most unusual books I have ever read. Set in the not-too-distant future, Lou Arrandale is autistic. Thanks to a variety of therapies, he holds a highly specialized job as a pattern recognition specialist for a pharmaceutical company, and lives on his own. He's learned to behave as "normal" as possible, even as he wonders exactly what "normal" people are like. His therapists tell him things that he knows cannot be true. Normal people are clearly not all the same.

Dr. Fornum says I should learn to enjoy music other people enjoy. I do. I know other people like Bach and Schubert and not all of them are autistic. There are not enough autistic people to support all those orchestras and operas. But to her other people means "the most people." I think of the Trout Quintet, and as the music flows through my mind I can feel my breathing steady and my steps slow to match its tempo.
  • ::
Lou works at his job with six other autists, in a special section designed to take advantage of their unique abilities with patterns. Their workplace contains accomodations that help keep them steady: a gym with a trampoline, allowing them to bounce; individual quiet offices, where they can set up a comfortable environment; individual parking spaces, so that they don't have to subject themselves to the stress of using public transit. Since they are all autists, they are comfortable with each other, saying only what needs to be said, comfortable with their individual habits and needs.

I know this exchange would not satisfy Dr. Fornum. She would want Cameron to explain the drawing, even though it is clear to all of us. She would want us to ask questions, make comments, talk about it. There is nothing to talk about: it is clear to all of us what the problem was and that Cameron's solution is good in all senses. Anything else is just busy talk. Among ourselves we don't have to do that.

One of the conditions of Lou's employment is that he must subject himself to quarterly psychiatric evaluations, to ensure that he is not "lapsing into mental illness."


In this office, where I am evaluated and advised four times a year, the psychiatrist is no less certain of the line between us than all the others have been. Her certainty is painful to see, so I try not to look at her more than I have to. That has its own dangers; like the others, she thinks I should make more eye contact than I do. I glance at her now.

Dr. Fornum, crisp and professional, raises an eyebrow and shakes her head not quite imperceptably. Autistic persons do not understand these signals; the book says so. I have read the book, so I know what it is I do not understand.

What I haven't figured out yet is the range of things they don't understand. The normals. The reals. The ones who have the degrees and sit behind the desks in comfortable chairs.

I know some of what she doesn't know. She doesn't know that I can read. She thinks I'm hyperlexic, just parroting the words. The difference between what she calls parroting and what she does when she reads is imperceptible to me. She doesn't know that I have a large vocabulary. Every time she asks what my job is and I say I am still working for the pharmaceutical company, she asks if I know what pharmaceutical means. She thinks I'm parroting. The difference between what she calls parroting and my use of a large number of words is imperceptible to me. She uses large words when talking to the other doctors and nurses and technicians, babbling on and on and saying things that could be said more simply. She knows I work on a computer, she knows I went to school, but she has not caught on that this is incompatible with her belief that I am actually nearly illiterate and barely verbal.

She talks to me as if I were a rather stupid child. She does not like it when I use big words (as she calls them)  and she tells me to just say what I mean.

What I mean is the speed of dark is as interesting as the speed of light, and maybe it is faster and who will find out?

What I mean is about gravity, if there were a world where it is twice as strong, then on that world would the wind from a fan be stronger because the air is thicker and blow my glass off the table, not just my napkin? Or would the greater gravity hold the glass more firmly to the table, so the stronger wind couldn't move it?



When she answers the phone I can look around her office and find the twinkly things she doesn't know she has. I can move my head back and forth so the light in the corner glints off and on over there, on the shiny cover of a book in the bookcase. If she notices that I'm moving my head back and forth she makes a note in my record. She may even interrupt her phone call to tell me to stop. It is called stereotypy when I do it and relaxing her neck when she does it. I call it fun, watching the reflected light blink off and on.

The book is full of exchanges between Lou and 'normals' and how they surprise each other. Lou is constantly surprised by what 'normals' can do effortlessly, and 'normals' are constantly surprised by what he can do, when they allow themselves to. This window into the mind of an autist is fascinating, as he struggles with who he is, what makes him who he is, and how he fits into the world. He has a structure, a pattern in his life, that works for him. A supervisor at his job has become enraged at the "special privileges" created for the autist group (even though they are among the most productive units in the entire company), and is pressuring them to participate in an experimental therapy to make them more normal. But can Lou still be Lou if he is no longer autistic? Will he still like the same things, have the same skills, without autism?

Lou's gifts with pattern recognition are astounding, to the point that even people who are in the same field cannot grasp what he sees as quickly as he sees it. And this love of patterns flows into everything he does. He thinks of routes and directions as patterns. His daily living is set in a pattern. He began studying the sport of fencing with Tom and Lucia after meeting Lucia at the hospital, and he sees fencing as patterns.

I drag my eyes back and focus on Tom and his blade. When I concentrate, I can see his pattern -- a long and complicated one -- and now I can parry his attacks. Low, high, high, low, reverse, low, high, low, low, reverse, ... he's throwing a reverse shot every fifth and varying the setup to it. Now I can prepare for the reverse, pivoting and then making a quick diagonal step: attack obliquely, one of the old masters says, never directly. It is like chess in that way, with tthe knight and bishop attacking at an angle. At last I set up the series I like best and get a solid hit.

"Wow!" Tom says, "I thought I'd managed real randomness--"
"Every fifth is a reverse," I say.
"Damn," Tom said. "Let's try that again --"
This time he doesn't reverse for nine shots, the next time seven -- I notice he's always using a reverse attack on the odd numbers. I test that through longer series, just waiting. Sure enough... nine, seven, five, then back to seven. That's when I step past on the diagonal and get him again.
"That wasn't five," he says. He sounds breathless.
"No... but it was an odd number," I say.
"I can't think fast enough," Tom says. "I can't fence and think. How do you do it?"
"You move, but the pattern doesn't," I say. "The pattern -- when I see it -- is still. So it is easier to hold in mind because it doesn't wiggle around."
"I never thought of it that way," Tom says. "So--how do you plan your own attacks? So they aren't patterned?

"They are," I say. "But I can shift from one pattern to another..." I can tell this is not getting across to him and try to think of another way of saying it. "When you drive somewhere, there are many possible routes.. many patterns you might choose. If you start off on one and a road you would use for that pattern is blocked, you take another and get onto one of your other patterns, don't you?"

"You see routes as patterns?" Lucia says. "I see them as strings -- and I have real trouble shifting from one to another unless the connection is within a block."

"I get completely lost," Susan says. "Mass transit's a real boon to me -- I just read the sign and get on. In the old days, if I'd had to drive everywhere, I'd have been late all the time."

"So, you can hold different fencing patterns in your head and just... jump or something... from one to another?"

"But mostly I'm reacting to the opponent's attacks while I analyze the pattern," I say.

"That would explain a lot about your learning style when you started fencing," Lucia says. She looks happy. I do not understand why that would make her happy. "Those first bouts, you did not have time to learn the pattern -- and you were not skilled enough to think and fence both, right?"

This novel is a real treat full of differentness. I seek out novels that also teach me - reading about someone and their life in their ordinary profession is a special niche I enjoy. As I lived in Lou Arrandale's mind for a time, I not only got to explore the life of an autistic adult, but also of a novice fencer, a classical music buff, and a skilled mathematician learning about brain function and processing.

The conclusion of the novel was somewhat unsatisfying. I felt there were many loose ends not addressed, and in some ways I felt like the Ms. Moon ran out of pages to finish the story. I'm not sure I totally understand the ending. But, I will look forward to reading it again, no question.

With all the alarm bells we mothers are bombarded with about autism and Asperger's and all kinds of physical and mental differences in our children, I find this novel to be a valuable counterbalance. Different does not need to be scary, or bad.

Tags: book review, autism, Elizabeth Moon (all tags)

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  • Elizabeth Moon (0 / 0)

    This is quite different from Elizabeth Moon's usual writings, which tend towards space opera type settings. They are almost always excellent, and in particular, I have always been impressed by her depiction of elderly women as strong main characters, as in her novel Remnant Population. I was surprised by this novel, so different from her others, but very pleasantly so.
    • I really liked this book. (0 / 0)

      I thought it was incredibly informative as well as being engrossing.

      My son has Asperger's so I read it as a part of my self-education. I found it interesting to watch how his brain worked. How he struggled with some things that I take for granted.

      If you're interested in books on Autism I would also recommend The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time. "The story is written in the first-person narrative of Christopher John Francis Boone, a 15-year-old boy living in Swindon, Wiltshire in 1998, who is described as having Asperger syndrome, although the behaviour he displays throughout the novel suggests a more severe condition on the autism spectrum."

      What a great review though! Thanks!

      • I enjoyed Curious Incident... (0 / 0)

        and am now looking forward to reading Speed of Dark (I was only familiar with Moon's sci-fi stuff, so this will be a treat!)

        I always wonder, though, what are the "normals" who write these books getting right, and what are they getting wrong?  What is Moon's connection / experience with autism?  Are there any novels where both the main character AND the author have autism?

        I'm particularly interested because my daughter, age 3 1/2, has been diagnosed with autism.  I had very little experience with autism before.  It's going to be some years, I think, before I'm able to get a good handle on what rings true from these novels and what does not.

        • Her son is autistic. (0 / 0)

          The book's website has an essay on autism that I thought was pretty interesting.

          I'm kind of in two minds on the book (from what I've read here, I've not read it myself, although I may add it to my "to do" list), and that's reinforced by the essay. It feels very like she's taken her own pet theory and presented it as fact, and some of the snippets above seem kind of stereotyped (a trampoline? Please. Sure, some would like it, but that's hardly universal). Now, her ideas on pattern recognition and sensory input actually match pretty well my own, but I'm still not sure if I'm comfortable with them being presented as fact when really, none of us know for sure. There's also the problem - and IMO it's a big one in autism literature - that her main character sounds like he's something of a savant. Sure, savants are the interesting ones from a certain point of view, but they're actually only about 10% of the autistic population (from the few unsourced numbers I've seen), they're far from representative. Still, portrayals like this tend to reinforce the "superhuman" view of autists that Rain Man started.

          Disclaimer: although I've no formal diagnosis, my wife and I are 99.9% certain that I'm a high functioning Aspergian, or PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified, basically the catch-all for "you're on the autism spectrum but don't fit neatly into any of the more specific diagnoses), so the lense through which I view this stuff is probably not the most objective.
          If you're looking for somewhere to discuss your daughter's autism, I'd take a look over at Wrong Planet, specifically the parent's forum. The rest of the site can be something of a pitfight at times, in large part because of the high number of teenagers on it and the bullying so many of them experience (it often feels like the whole place is a big backlash against NTs - neurotypicals, the term most of us use to denote "normals"), but the parent's forum is pretty reliable for reasoned and informed discourse.

          "You're never more alone than when you're alone in a crowd."

          by Expat Briton on Mon Dec 10, 2007 at 09:35:36 AM PDT

          [ Parent ]

          • Thanks! (0 / 0)

            I appreciate the links, and your perspective.  Good point about being wary of the savant stereotype.  It doesn't fit what's going on with my daughter, as far as we can tell!  I've learned to be wary of other "facts" as well, such as the thinking-in-pictures concept, which obviously holds true for some people on the spectrum but not necessarily for all.

            The trampoline, on the other hand, is a well-loved and useful element in our house...

            Anyway.  I just put a hold on Speed of Dark at the library, so I'll have more to say about it at some point in the future!

          • Trampoline and resources (0 / 0)

            I just took this as a literary tool. I saw the book to be much more of a commentary on how we treat people who are different in our society. Obviously some of the re-occurring points about autism struck me: the way the brain flows from subject to subject sporadically (or seemingly so), the pattern recognition, the lack of understanding of social cues, etc. I was able to see those more clearly in my son after reading about Asperger's (not just this book)

            I do see your point about the savants in writing however, I will note that Lou has had a lot of training just to be functioning as he is so the savant thing doesn't completely apply here.

            Thanks for the Wrong Planet link; I'm going to look into that.

            I found Autism Hub early on in my search. I've since picked out my favorites and follow just those, but it was a nice place to start. The rss feed format leaves a bit to be desired tho.

            • One of the things in the book (0 / 0)

              though only lightly touched upon, is that at an earlier time, Lou would not have been ... 'functional' ... as in being able to hold down a job at all. The suggestion is that quite a few advanced therapies (not even yet available today) were needed to unlock his talents to this extent. He is portrayed as a bit of a savant, but I think it's appropriate to see him as an individual and not as Every Autistic Person - which in many ways is the whole point of the novel. He is an individual, and people use the label to limit him and make assumptions about him. But even his autistic coworkers are clearly different in what they like and need and what things bother them.
        • Temple Grandin (0 / 0)

          Temple Grandin is probably the most well-known autistic person; she's a university professor and is famous for  having redesigned slaughterhouses and animal handling procedures to reduce stress on the animals. She's written several nonfiction books, and also a memoir.
  • I"m intrigued (0 / 0)

    For a book group I'm leading in January, I'm looking for a novel for adults that features a character with autism.  I'm going to check this one out! Thanks

  • Patterns are still. (0 / 0)

    This is a nice example: patterns are still, even when it's a pattern of movement. Neat.

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